安装 Hive 集群(Rocky Linux 9.2)¶

安装目标

Hive 集群启用 Kerberos 认证。
Hive 由 2 个 HiveServer2 和 2 个 MetaStore 组成集群。
Hive 版本是 3.1.3。

前置条件

已按照安装 Hadoop 集群(Rocky Linux 9.2)安装 Hadoop。
已安装 MySQL。

准备用户¶

Warning

下面的命令是在主机 ipa-server 上执行的。

身份认证

[root@ipa-server ~]# kinit admin
Password for admin@XUWANGWEI.TEST:

新增用户 hive

ipa user-add hive --first=hive --last=hadoop --shell=/bin/bash --gidnumber=1532600004
su - hive
ssh-keygen -t rsa -P '' -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
cat ~/.ssh/id_rsa.pub >> ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
chmod 0600 ~/.ssh/authorized_keys
exit
ipa user-mod hive --sshpubkey="$( cat ~hive/.ssh/id_rsa.pub )"

共享 Hive 配置目录¶

Warning

下面的命令是在主机 ipa-server 上执行的。

修改 NFS 配置文件/etc/exports，使得主机 ipa-server 上的/etc/hive 目录共享给其他主机。
```
echo '/etc/hive 192.168.2.0/24(rw,sync,no_root_squash)' >> /etc/exports
```

创建 Hive 配置目录并设置属主属组

mkdir /etc/hive
chown hive:hadoop /etc/hive
chmod 755 /etc/hive

刷新 NFS 的配置
```
exportfs -rv
```

在 IPA Server 上创建挂载配置

ipa automountkey-add default auto.direct --key=/etc/hive --info="-fstype=nfs4,rw ipa-server:/etc/hive"

安装 Hive¶

Warning

下面的命令需要在主机 machine1~machine5 上执行。

下载、解压、创建别名

cd /opt
curl -O https://dlcdn.apache.org/hive/hive-3.1.3/apache-hive-3.1.3-bin.tar.gz
tar -zxf apache-hive-3.1.3-bin.tar.gz
ln -s apache-hive-3.1.3-bin hive

添加环境变量

echo 'export HIVE_HOME=/opt/hive' > /etc/profile.d/hive.sh
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$HIVE_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile.d/hive.sh
echo 'export HIVE_CONF_DIR=/etc/hive' >> /etc/profile.d/hive.sh
source /etc/profile.d/hive.sh

下载 MySQL JDBC 驱动到 $HIVE_HOME/lib 目录下

curl -O --output-dir $HIVE_HOME/lib https://repo1.maven.org/maven2/com/mysql/mysql-connector-j/8.0.33/mysql-connector-j-8.0.33.jar

创建数据目录并设置属主属组

chown -R -H hive:hadoop $HIVE_HOME
chmod 755 $HIVE_HOME
mkdir /var/lib/hive
chown hive:hadoop /var/lib/hive
chmod 750 /var/lib/hive

创建配置目录并设置属主属组

mkdir /etc/hive
chown hive:hadoop /etc/hive
chmod 755 /etc/hive

创建日志目录并设置属主属组

mkdir /var/log/hive
chown hive:hadoop /var/log/hive
chmod 755 /var/log/hive

共享 ipa-server 的/etc/hive 目录
```
systemctl reload autofs
```

准备 Kerberos principals 和 keytab files¶

Warning

下面的命令是在主机 ipa-server 上执行的。

创建principal

ipa service-add hive/machine1.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --requires-pre-auth=true
ipa service-add hive/machine2.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --requires-pre-auth=true
ipa service-add hive/machine3.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --requires-pre-auth=true
ipa service-add hive/machine4.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --requires-pre-auth=true
ipa service-add hive/machine5.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --requires-pre-auth=true

导出principal的密钥

ipa-getkeytab --principal=HTTP/machine1.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=HTTP/machine2.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=HTTP/machine3.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=HTTP/machine4.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=HTTP/machine5.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive/machine1.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive/machine2.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive/machine3.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive/machine4.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive/machine5.xuwangwei.test@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1
ipa-getkeytab --principal=hive@XUWANGWEI.TEST --keytab=/etc/hive/hive.keytab --enctypes=aes256-sha1,aes128-sha1

修改keytab的属主属组和权限

chown hive:hadoop /etc/hive/*.keytab
chmod 640 /etc/hive/*.keytab

配置 Hive¶

Warning

下面的命令是在主机 machine1 上执行的。

在MySQL数据库中创建用户hive，创建数据库metastore_db。这些信息会放在配置文件hive-site.xml中。

# 在安装MySQL的主机上输入
mysql -uroot -p
# 成功登录后，先创建数据库metastore_db，再创建用户hive，最后把metastore_db的所有权限都授权给用户hive
mysql> CREATE DATABASE metastore_db CHARACTER SET utf8mb4;
mysql> CREATE USER 'hive'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'ifpx8#2c4Kv65';
mysql> GRANT ALL ON metastore_db.* TO 'hive'@'%';
mysql> quit;

将数据库 metastore_db 的密码存储到/etc/hive/hive.jceks

[root@machine1 ~]# su - hive -c "hadoop credential create javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword -provider jceks://file/etc/hive/hive.jceks"
WARNING: You have accepted the use of the default provider password
by not configuring a password in one of the two following locations:
    * In the environment variable HADOOP_CREDSTORE_PASSWORD
    * In a file referred to by the configuration entry
    hadoop.security.credstore.java-keystore-provider.password-file.
Please review the documentation regarding provider passwords in
the keystore passwords section of the Credential Provider API
Continuing with the default provider password.

Enter alias password: 
Enter alias password again: 
javax.jdo.option.ConnectionPassword has been successfully created.
Provider jceks://file/etc/hive/hive.jceks was updated.

创建 hive-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one or more
contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file distributed with
this work for additional information regarding copyright ownership.
The ASF licenses this file to You under the Apache License, Version 2.0
(the "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance with
the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License.
-->
<configuration>
    <property>
        <name>system:user.name</name>
        <value>${user.name}</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>system:java.io.tmpdir</name>
        <value>/var/lib/hive</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.uris</name>
        <value>thrift://machine4.xuwangwei.test:9083,thrift://machine5.xuwangwei.test:9083</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.kerberos.keytab.file</name>
        <value>/etc/hive/hive.keytab</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.kerberos.principal</name>
        <value>hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.client.kerberos.principal</name>
        <value>hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.sasl.enabled</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.db.type</name>
        <value>mysql</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionDriverName</name>
        <value>com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionURL</name>
        <value>jdbc:mysql://mysql.xuwangwei.test:3306/metastore_db?characterEncoding=UTF-8&amp;characterSetResults=UTF-8&amp;connectionTimeZone=Asia/Shanghai</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>javax.jdo.option.ConnectionUserName</name>
        <value>hive</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hadoop.security.credential.provider.path</name>
        <value>jceks://file/etc/hive/hive.jceks</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.port</name>
        <value>9083</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.schema.verification.record.version</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.metastore.warehouse.dir</name>
        <value>/user/hive/warehouse</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.webui.port</name>
        <value>10002</value>
        <description>The port the HiveServer2 WebUI will listen on. This can beset to 0 or a negative integer to disable the web UI</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.webui.use.spnego</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.webui.spnego.keytab</name>
        <value>/etc/hive/hive.keytab</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.webui.spnego.principal</name>
        <value>HTTP/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication</name>
        <value>kerberos</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.sasl.qop</name>
        <value>auth-conf</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.thrift.port</name>
        <value>10000</value>
        <description>Port number of HiveServer2 Thrift interface when hive.server2.transport.mode is 'binary'.</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication.kerberos.keytab</name>
        <value>/etc/hive/hive.keytab</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication.kerberos.principal</name>
        <value>hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication.client.kerberos.principal</name>
        <value>hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication.spnego.keytab</name>
        <value>/etc/hive/hive.keytab</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.authentication.spnego.principal</name>
        <value>HTTP/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.compute.query.using.stats</name>
        <value>false</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.exec.parallel</name>
        <value>true</value>
        <description>Whether to execute jobs in parallel</description>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.execution.engine</name>
        <value>mr</value>
        <description>
            Expects one of [mr, tez, spark].
            Chooses execution engine. Options are: mr (Map reduce, default), tez, spark. While MR
            remains the default engine for historical reasons, it is itself a historical engine
            and is deprecated in Hive 2 line. It may be removed without further warning.
        </description>
    </property>

    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.support.dynamic.service.discovery</name>
        <value>true</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.server2.zookeeper.namespace</name>
        <value>hiveserver2</value>
    </property>
    <property>
        <name>hive.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>machine1.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine2.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine3.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine4.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine5.xuwangwei.test:2181</value>
    </property>
</configuration>

修改配置文件 $HADOOP_CONF_DIR/core-site.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" href="configuration.xsl"?>
<!--
Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
You may obtain a copy of the License at

    http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0

Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
limitations under the License. See accompanying LICENSE file.
-->

<!-- Put site-specific property overrides in this file. -->

<configuration>
<property>
    <name>fs.defaultFS</name>
    <value>hdfs://xuwangwei</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.tmp.dir</name>
    <value>/var/lib/hadoop</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.zk.address</name>
    <value>machine1.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine2.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine3.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine4.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine5.xuwangwei.test:2181</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>ha.zookeeper.quorum</name>
    <value>machine1.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine2.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine3.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine4.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine5.xuwangwei.test:2181</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.security.authentication</name>
    <value>kerberos</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hive.hosts</name>
    <value>*</value>
</property>
<property>
    <name>hadoop.proxyuser.hive.groups</name>
    <value>*</value>
</property>
</configuration>

使用 hdfs@XUWANGWEI.TEST 帐号进行 Kerberos 认证

su - hdfs -c "kinit -kt /etc/hadoop/hdfs.keytab hdfs"

在 HDFS 上创建目录

su - hdfs -c 'hadoop fs -mkdir -p /user/hive/warehouse'
su - hdfs -c 'hadoop fs -chown -R hive:hadoop /user/hive'
su - hdfs -c 'hadoop fs -chmod 755 /user/hive'
su - hdfs -c 'hadoop fs -chmod 775 /user/hive/warehouse'

初始化 MetaStore 使用的数据库

su - hive -c 'schematool -dbType mysql -initSchema'

使 core-silte 中刚修改的配置生效

su - hdfs -c "hdfs dfsadmin -refreshSuperUserGroupsConfiguration"
echo 'export KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_$UID' >> ~yarn/.bashrc
su - yarn -c "kinit -kt /etc/hadoop/yarn.keytab yarn"
su - yarn -c "yarn rmadmin -refreshSuperUserGroupsConfiguration"

启动 Hive¶

启动 MetaStore

su - hive -c "ssh machine4 'nohup hive --service metastore 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &'"
su - hive -c "ssh machine5 'nohup hive --service metastore 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &'"

启动 HiveServer2

su - hive -c "ssh machine4 'nohup hive --service hiveserver2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &'"
su - hive -c "ssh machine5 'nohup hive --service hiveserver2 1>/dev/null 2>&1 &'"

使用 Beeline 连接 Hive 服务¶

添加 hive 用户的环境变量

echo 'export KRB5CCNAME=FILE:/tmp/krb5cc_$UID' >> ~hive/.bashrc

使用 hive@XUWANGWEI.TEST 帐号进行 Kerberos 认证

su - hive -c "kinit -kt /etc/hive/hive.keytab hive"

使用 Beeline 连接 Hive 集群

su - hive -c "beeline"
beeline> !connect jdbc:hive2://machine1.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine2.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine3.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine4.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine5.xuwangwei.test:2181/;serviceDiscoveryMode=zooKeeper;zooKeeperNamespace=hiveserver2;saslQop=auth-conf;auth=KERBEROS;principal=hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST;

连接成功，日志如下所示

Connecting to jdbc:hive2://machine1.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine2.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine3.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine4.xuwangwei.test:2181,machine5.xuwangwei.test:2181/;serviceDiscoveryMode=zooKeeper;zooKeeperNamespace=hiveserver2;saslQop=auth-conf;auth=KERBEROS;principal=hive/_HOST@XUWANGWEI.TEST;
24/01/03 15:12:56 [main]: INFO jdbc.HiveConnection: Connected to machine4.xuwangwei.test:10000
Connected to: Apache Hive (version 3.1.3)
Driver: Hive JDBC (version 3.1.3)
Transaction isolation: TRANSACTION_REPEATABLE_READ