安装 MySQL 5.7(CentOS 7)¶
安装目标
- 安装一个 MySQL 服务端实例，版本是 5.7.44。
- 两种安装方法，一种是使用官方提供的 rpm 包进行安装，另一种是使用源代码编译安装。
前置条件
- 待安装 MySQL 的机器能访问 yum 仓库。
通过官方 rpm 包安装¶
重要
5.7.44 版本是 5.7 系列的最后一个版本，不会再更新了，详见官方文档。
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打开 MySQL 官方下载地址https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
Product Version 选择 5.7.44，Operating System 选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux，OS Version 选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)。点击 RPM Bundle 一栏的 Download 按钮，开始下载。
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将上一步下载的文件上传到装有 CentOS 7 的服务器上，放哪里都可以。在本文中，我将文件放在了/root/mysql_bundle 目录下。此处的目录仅仅是用来放 rpm 安装包，最终的安装目录不是它。
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解压
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安装
下面是 yum 命令执行后的依赖分析，可以看到除了从官网下载的以外，还需要依赖很多安装包，比如 net-tools、perl 等等。输入 y 后回车，同意安装。Dependencies Resolved =========================================================================================================== Package Arch Version Repository Size =========================================================================================================== Installing: mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 120 M mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 2.8 M mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 11 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 mysql-community-libs-compat x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 6.0 M replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7 mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 796 M Installing for dependencies: net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7 os 306 k perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 8.0 M perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 os 19 k perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 os 1.5 M perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 os 28 k perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 os 26 k perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 os 56 k perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 os 76 k perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 os 56 k perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 os 38 k perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 os 82 k perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 updates 52 k perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 os 87 k perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 os 216 k perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 os 27 k perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 os 36 k perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-5.el7 os 49 k perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 os 77 k perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 os 14 k perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 os 45 k perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 os 24 k perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 os 19 k perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 690 k perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 44 k perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 os 12 k perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 os 112 k perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 os 49 k perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 os 39 k Transaction Summary =========================================================================================================== Install 5 Packages (+28 Dependent packages) Total size: 947 M Total download size: 12 M Is this ok [y/d/N]: -
修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. # innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. # log_bin # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. # join_buffer_size = 128M # sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. innodb_buffer_pool_size =1G innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1 innodb_log_file_size=256M innodb_lru_scan_depth=128 innodb_io_capacity=10000 innodb_io_capacity_max=16000 innodb_status_output_locks=on innodb_print_all_deadlocks=on innodb_undo_tablespaces=10 character_set_server=utf8 # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. log-bin=master-bin server_id=1 # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. join_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log log_timestamps=SYSTEM pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid log_output=TABLE slow_query_log=ON long_query_time=2 tls_version=TLSv1.2 sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' [client] socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -
启动服务
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设置防火墙
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获取超级用户'root'@'localhost'的临时密码
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使用临时密码登录
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设置超级用户'root'@'localhost'的正式密码
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创建用户'example'@'%'且设置密码，密码永不过期
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赋予用户'example'@'%'全部权限
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退出客户端
编译安装¶
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安装依赖
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安装依赖 boost
浏览器打开https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/，下载 boost 1.59.0 版本。
将下载的 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz 放到 CentOS 7 服务器的/usr/local 目录下，解压，删除压缩包。
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下载 MySQL 源代码
打开 MySQL官方下载地址，Product Version 选择 5.7.44，Operating System 选择 Source Code，OS Version 选择 All Operating Systems (Generic) (Architecture Independent)。点击 Compressed TAR Archive 一栏的 Download 按钮，开始下载。
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解压
MySQL 源代码压缩包放到/usr/local/src 目录下，解压到同级目录，删除压缩包。
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编译并安装到/usr/local/mysql 目录下
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创建用户 mysql 和用户组 mysql
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修改目录的属主和属组
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将/usr/local/mysql/bin 下的可执行文件（包含服务端和客户端及工具）加入环境变量
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验证上一步操作是否成功
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创建数据目录和存放 pid 的目录，并且修改属主属组
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创建错误日志输出文件，并且修改属主属组
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创建配置文件/etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see # http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html [mysqld] # # Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data # cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%. innodb_buffer_pool_size =256M innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1 innodb_log_file_size=256M innodb_lru_scan_depth=128 innodb_io_capacity=10000 innodb_io_capacity_max=16000 innodb_status_output_locks=on innodb_print_all_deadlocks=on innodb_undo_tablespaces=10 character_set_server=utf8 # # Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging # changes to the binary log between backups. log-bin=master-bin server_id=1 # # Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers. # The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs. # Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values. join_buffer_size = 2M sort_buffer_size = 2M # read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/var/lib/mysql socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock # Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks symbolic-links=0 log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log log_timestamps=SYSTEM pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid log_output=TABLE slow_query_log=ON long_query_time=2 tls_version=TLSv1.2 sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION' [client] socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock -
初始化数据目录
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复制$MYSQL_HOME/support-files/mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/mysqld，这是官方提供的启动、停止脚本，我们把它放在/etc/init.d 目录下，就可以使用 service 命令启动、停止 MySQL 服务器。
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赋予/etc/init.d/mysqld 可执行权限
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设置开机自启动 MySQL 服务器
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启动 MySQL 服务器
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直接登录，当前'root'@'localhost'用户无密码，因为在第 15 步的时候使用--initialize-insecure 参数。
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因为超级用户'root'@'localhost'还没有密码，所以登录后第一件事就是设置超级用户'root'@'localhost'的正式密码
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创建用户'example'@'%'且设置密码，密码永不过期
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赋予用户'example'@'%'全部权限
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退出客户端