我老婆说我是一个执着的人
安装 MySQL 5.7(CentOS 7)
安装目标：
- 安装一个 MySQL 服务端实例，版本是 5.7.44。
- 两种安装方法，一种是使用官方提供的 rpm 包进行安装，另一种是使用源代码编译安装。
前置条件：
- 待安装 MySQL 的机器能访问 yum 仓库。
通过官方 rpm 包安装
重要：5.7.44 版本是 5.7 系列的最后一个版本，不会再更新了，详见官方文档。
- 打开 MySQL 官方下载地址https://downloads.mysql.com/archives/community/
Product Version 选择 5.7.44，Operating System 选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux / Oracle Linux，OS Version 选择 Red Hat Enterprise Linux 7 / Oracle Linux 7 (x86, 64-bit)。点击 RPM Bundle 一栏的 Download 按钮，开始下载。
- 将上一步下载的文件上传到装有 CentOS 7 的服务器上，放哪里都可以。在本文中，我将文件放在了/root/mysql_bundle 目录下。此处的目录仅仅是用来放 rpm 安装包，最终的安装目录不是它。
[root@localhost mysql_bundle]# ll
total 557332
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 570705920 Jun 13 18:30 mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
- 解压
[root@localhost mysql_bundle]# tar -xf mysql-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64.rpm-bundle.tar
- 安装
[root@localhost mysql_bundle]# yum install mysql-community-{server,client,common,libs}-*
下面是 yum 命令执行后的依赖分析，可以看到除了从官网下载的以外，还需要依赖很多安装包，比如 net-tools、perl 等等。输入 y 后回车，同意安装。
Dependencies Resolved
===========================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
===========================================================================================================
Installing:
mysql-community-client x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-client-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 120 M
mysql-community-common x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-common-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 2.8 M
mysql-community-libs x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 11 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-libs-compat
x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-libs-compat-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 6.0 M
replacing mariadb-libs.x86_64 1:5.5.68-1.el7
mysql-community-server x86_64 5.7.44-1.el7 /mysql-community-server-5.7.44-1.el7.x86_64 796 M
Installing for dependencies:
net-tools x86_64 2.0-0.25.20131004git.el7
os 306 k
perl x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 8.0 M
perl-Carp noarch 1.26-244.el7 os 19 k
perl-Encode x86_64 2.51-7.el7 os 1.5 M
perl-Exporter noarch 5.68-3.el7 os 28 k
perl-File-Path noarch 2.09-2.el7 os 26 k
perl-File-Temp noarch 0.23.01-3.el7 os 56 k
perl-Filter x86_64 1.49-3.el7 os 76 k
perl-Getopt-Long noarch 2.40-3.el7 os 56 k
perl-HTTP-Tiny noarch 0.033-3.el7 os 38 k
perl-PathTools x86_64 3.40-5.el7 os 82 k
perl-Pod-Escapes noarch 1:1.04-299.el7_9 updates 52 k
perl-Pod-Perldoc noarch 3.20-4.el7 os 87 k
perl-Pod-Simple noarch 1:3.28-4.el7 os 216 k
perl-Pod-Usage noarch 1.63-3.el7 os 27 k
perl-Scalar-List-Utils x86_64 1.27-248.el7 os 36 k
perl-Socket x86_64 2.010-5.el7 os 49 k
perl-Storable x86_64 2.45-3.el7 os 77 k
perl-Text-ParseWords noarch 3.29-4.el7 os 14 k
perl-Time-HiRes x86_64 4:1.9725-3.el7 os 45 k
perl-Time-Local noarch 1.2300-2.el7 os 24 k
perl-constant noarch 1.27-2.el7 os 19 k
perl-libs x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 690 k
perl-macros x86_64 4:5.16.3-299.el7_9 updates 44 k
perl-parent noarch 1:0.225-244.el7 os 12 k
perl-podlators noarch 2.5.1-3.el7 os 112 k
perl-threads x86_64 1.87-4.el7 os 49 k
perl-threads-shared x86_64 1.43-6.el7 os 39 k
Transaction Summary
===========================================================================================================
Install 5 Packages (+28 Dependent packages)
Total size: 947 M
Total download size: 12 M
Is this ok [y/d/N]:
- 修改配置文件/etc/my.cnf
修改前
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
# innodb_buffer_pool_size = 128M
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
# log_bin
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
# join_buffer_size = 128M
# sort_buffer_size = 2M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
修改后
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size =1G
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_lru_scan_depth=128
innodb_io_capacity=10000
innodb_io_capacity_max=16000
innodb_status_output_locks=on
innodb_print_all_deadlocks=on
innodb_undo_tablespaces=10
character_set_server=utf8
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
log-bin=master-bin
server_id=1
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log_output=TABLE
slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=2
tls_version=TLSv1.2
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- 启动服务
systemctl start mysqld
- 设置防火墙
firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql
firewall-cmd --add-service=mysql --permanent
- 获取超级用户’root’@’localhost’的临时密码
grep 'temporary password' /var/log/mysqld.log
- 使用临时密码登录
mysql -uroot -p
- 设置超级用户’root’@’localhost’的正式密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
- 创建用户’example’@’%‘且设置密码，密码永不过期
mysql> CREATE USER 'example'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
- 赋予用户’example’@’%‘全部权限
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'example'@'%';
- 退出客户端
mysql> exit
编译安装
- 安装依赖
yum install cmake make gcc-c++ openssl openssl-devel ncurses ncurses-devel perl -y
- 安装依赖 boost
浏览器打开https://sourceforge.net/projects/boost/files/boost/1.59.0/，下载 boost 1.59.0 版本。
将下载的 boost_1_59_0.tar.gz 放到 CentOS 7 服务器的/usr/local 目录下，解压，删除压缩包。
tar -zxf /usr/local/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz -C /usr/local
rm -f /usr/local/boost_1_59_0.tar.gz
- 下载 MySQL 源代码
打开 MySQL官方下载地址，Product Version 选择 5.7.44，Operating System 选择 Source Code，OS Version 选择 All Operating Systems (Generic) (Architecture Independent)。点击 Compressed TAR Archive 一栏的 Download 按钮，开始下载。
- 解压
MySQL 源代码压缩包放到/usr/local/src 目录下，解压到同级目录，删除压缩包。
tar -zxf /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.44.tar.gz -C /usr/local/src
rm -f /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.44.tar.gz
cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.44/
- 编译并安装到/usr/local/mysql 目录下
mkdir bld
cd bld
cmake .. -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql -DWITH_INNODB_MEMCACHED=1 -DWITH_BOOST=/usr/local/boost_1_59_0
make
make install
- 创建用户 mysql 和用户组 mysql
groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql -s /bin/false mysql
- 修改目录的属主和属组
chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql
- 将/usr/local/mysql/bin 下的可执行文件（包含服务端和客户端及工具）加入环境变量
echo 'export MYSQL_HOME=/usr/local/mysql' > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
echo 'export PATH=$PATH:$MYSQL_HOME/bin' >> /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
- 验证上一步操作是否成功
[root@localhost bld]# mysql -V
mysql Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.7.44, for Linux (x86_64) using EditLine wrapper
- 创建数据目录和存放 pid 的目录，并且修改属主属组
mkdir /var/run/mysqld /var/lib/mysql
chown mysql:mysql /var/run/mysqld /var/lib/mysql
- 创建错误日志输出文件，并且修改属主属组
touch /var/log/mysqld.log
chown mysql:mysql /var/log/mysqld.log
- 创建配置文件/etc/my.cnf
# For advice on how to change settings please see
# http://dev.mysql.com/doc/refman/5.7/en/server-configuration-defaults.html
[mysqld]
#
# Remove leading # and set to the amount of RAM for the most important data
# cache in MySQL. Start at 70% of total RAM for dedicated server, else 10%.
innodb_buffer_pool_size =256M
innodb_buffer_pool_instances=1
innodb_log_file_size=256M
innodb_lru_scan_depth=128
innodb_io_capacity=10000
innodb_io_capacity_max=16000
innodb_status_output_locks=on
innodb_print_all_deadlocks=on
innodb_undo_tablespaces=10
character_set_server=utf8
#
# Remove leading # to turn on a very important data integrity option: logging
# changes to the binary log between backups.
log-bin=master-bin
server_id=1
#
# Remove leading # to set options mainly useful for reporting servers.
# The server defaults are faster for transactions and fast SELECTs.
# Adjust sizes as needed, experiment to find the optimal values.
join_buffer_size = 128M
sort_buffer_size = 8M
# read_rnd_buffer_size = 2M
basedir=/usr/local/mysql
datadir=/var/lib/mysql
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
# Disabling symbolic-links is recommended to prevent assorted security risks
symbolic-links=0
log-error=/var/log/mysqld.log
log_timestamps=SYSTEM
pid-file=/var/run/mysqld/mysqld.pid
log_output=TABLE
slow_query_log=ON
long_query_time=2
tls_version=TLSv1.2
sql_mode='STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION'
[client]
socket=/var/lib/mysql/mysql.sock
- 初始化数据目录
mysqld --initialize-insecure --user=mysql
- 复制$MYSQL_HOME/support-files/mysql.server 到/etc/init.d/mysqld，这是官方提供的启动、停止脚本，我们把它放在/etc/init.d 目录下，就可以使用 service 命令启动、停止 MySQL 服务器。
cp $MYSQL_HOME/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
- 赋予/etc/init.d/mysqld 可执行权限
chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
- 设置开机自启动 MySQL 服务器
chkconfig --add mysqld
- 启动 MySQL 服务器
[root@localhost bld]# service mysqld start
Starting MySQL. SUCCESS!
- 直接登录，当前’root’@’localhost’用户无密码，因为在第 15 步的时候使用–initialize-insecure 参数。
mysql -uroot -p
- 因为超级用户’root’@’localhost’还没有密码，所以登录后第一件事就是设置超级用户’root’@’localhost’的正式密码
mysql> ALTER USER 'root'@'localhost' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!';
- 创建用户’example’@’%‘且设置密码，密码永不过期
mysql> CREATE USER 'example'@'%' IDENTIFIED BY 'MyNewPass4!' PASSWORD EXPIRE NEVER;
- 赋予用户’example’@’%‘全部权限
mysql> GRANT ALL ON *.* TO 'example'@'%';
- 退出客户端
mysql> exit
This blog by 许王伟 is licensed under CC BY-NC-ND 4.0
